Izimbozo ezingangeni manzi ziyizinto ezisetshenziswa ukuvimbela ukungena kwamanzi futhi zisetshenziswa kabanzi ezakhiweni, emabhulohweni, emihubheni, ezindlini ezingaphansi komhlaba, nakwezinye izindawo. Ngokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe, izinhlobo ezahlukene zezimbozo ezingangeni manzi ziyaqhubeka nokukhula, futhi uhlobo ngalunye ludlala indima ebalulekile ezindaweni nasezimweni ezahlukene. Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngezinhlobo eziyinhloko zezimbozo ezingangeni manzi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwazo ngokuningiliziwe.
Isahluko 1: Izembozo Eziqinile Ezingangeni Manzi
Izembozo ezingangeni manzi eziqinile zakha amafilimu aqinile, kodwa antula ukuguquguquka. Ngokuyinhloko zithola izakhiwo zokuvimbela amanzi nokungangeni kwamanzi ngokushintsha izingxenye zawo zamakhemikhali ezisebenzayo nesisekelo sekhonkrithi noma ngokuziqinisa zibe isakhiwo esiqinile.
Izinhlobo Eziyinhloko Nezimpawu:
1. Izembozo Ezingangeni Manzi Ezisebenzisa Ugesi Ezingena Ngosimende
Isimiso Sokusebenza: Izinto ezisebenzayo zamakhemikhali eziqukethwe kulezi zingubo, lapho kukhona amanzi, zingena ezimbotsheni nasezimfantwini ezincane ngaphakathi kwekhonkrithi, zisabela ngemikhiqizo yokufuthwa kwesimende ukuze zakhe amakristalu e-dendritic angancibiliki emanzini, zivimbele ngempumelelo izimbotshana futhi zenze ukhonkrithi ube lukhuni kakhulu. Isici esiphawulekayo ukuthi lapho amanzi engena emifantwini emisha kukhonkrithi, izinto ezisele ezingaphendulwanga ziyavuselelwa, okuvumela "ukuzelapha." Izici Eziyinhloko: Ukungena okuphezulu, ikhono lokuzelapha, ukumelana nomfutho wamanzi, ukunamathela okuhle kakhulu esisekelweni sekhonkrithi, kanye nesendlalelo esingangeni manzi esinobude obulingana nesakhiwo.
Izicelo Eziyinhloko:
Amadamu amakhulu, amadamu okugcina amanzi, amathangi okuhlanza indle, njll.; imigudu engaphansi komhlaba, izitimela ezingaphansi komhlaba, amagalaji angaphansi komhlaba, amaphrojekthi okuvikela umoya womphakathi, njll.; phansi nezindonga zasekhishini nasezindlini zangasese zangaphakathi, ezifanele kakhulu izindawo ezizodinga amathayili alandelayo.
2. Udaka olungangeni manzi lwe-polymer Cement
Isimiso Sokusebenza: Senziwe ngengxube yesamente, i-aggregate encane, kanye ne-polymer emulsion enama-molecule amaningi. I-polymer yakha ulwelwesi olunwebeka ngaphakathi kwesamente, oluhlanganiswe nemikhiqizo yokumanzisa isamente, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ubuthakathaka besamente evamile futhi kuthuthukisa ukunamathela kwayo kanye nokungangeni kwamanzi.
Izici Eziyinhloko: Amandla aphezulu okucindezela, ukumelana nokuguga, ukunamathela okuqinile, kanye nobungane nemvelo futhi akunabo ubuthi.
Izicelo Eziyinhloko:
Ukuvimbela amanzi nokungangenisi amanzi ekwakheni izindonga zangaphandle; ukuvimbela umswakama ezindongeni zasephansi kanye naphansi; ulwelwesi olungangeni manzi lwamachibi okubhukuda kanye namathangi amanzi; kanye nesisekelo sokufaka amathayili, kufeza ukwakhiwa "kokuvimbela amanzi kanye nokufaka amathayili okuhlanganisiwe".
Isifinyezo Sezinhlelo Zokuvimbela Ukungena Kwamanzi Eziqinile: Izinzuzo zazo zisekuqineni kwazo okuphezulu, ukumelana nokubhoboza, kanye nokuqina, futhi zingasetshenziswa ngqo ekuplasteni ngodaka lukasimende noma ekubekeni amathayela ngemva kokufakwa. Kodwa-ke, ubuthakathaka bazo obukhulu ukungakwazi kwazo ukumelana nokukhula nokuqhekeka kwesendlalelo sesisekelo. Uma sekuvele imifantu emisha esakhiweni, isendlalelo sokuvimbela ukungena kwamanzi sizoqhekeka futhi sihluleke. Ngakho-ke, zifaneleka kakhulu ezakhiweni ezintsha ezinezakhiwo ezizinzile kanye nokuguquguquka okuncane, noma ezindaweni ezivikela umswakama zangaphakathi.
Isahluko 2: Izembozo Zokuvimbela Ukungenwa Amanzi Eziguquguqukayo
Izembozo zokuvimbela amanzi eziguquguqukayo zakha izembozo ezinobude obuhle kakhulu, ukunwebeka, kanye nokumelana nokuqhekeka, ezivumelana kahle nokuqhekeka okuncane kanye nokufuduka kwesendlalelo sesisekelo. Njengamanje ziwuhlobo olusetshenziswa kakhulu kumaphrojekthi okuthuthukisa ikhaya kanye nokwakha.
Izinhlobo Eziyinhloko Nezici:
1. Izimbozo Zokuvimbela Ukungena Kwamanzi ze-Polymer Emulsion (ama-Acrylates)
Isimiso Sokusebenza: I-emulsion ye-acrylic enesisindo esikhulu iyinto eyinhloko eyakha ifilimu, eyakha ifilimu ngokuhwamuka kwamanzi kanye nokuhlangana kwezinhlayiya ze-emulsion. Lokhu kuyimbozo eyingxenye eyodwa, esekelwe emanzini.
Izici Eziyinhloko: Inobungani nemvelo, ayinabo ubuthi, ayinayo ingcoliso, kulula ukuyisebenzisa, ikwazi ukuphefumula kahle, inamathela kahle, nombala olungisekayo (ngokuvamile omhlophe noma ompunga).
Izicelo Eziyinhloko:
Ukuvikela amanzi ekhishini nasendlini yokugezela; ukuvikela amanzi odongeni lwangaphandle kanye nokuhlobisa okune-UV ukumelana; ukuvikela amanzi ophahleni okulula, okufanele uphahla olunezintaba eziphakeme kanye nokuqongelela kwamanzi okuncane.
2. Isimbozo Sokuvimbela Ukungena Kwamanzi Esisekelwe Kusimende se-JS Polymer
Isimiso Sokusebenza: Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwezingxenye ezimbili kuqukethe i-polymer emulsion kanye nezinto ezimpushana ezifana nesamente. Kuhlanganisa ukuqina kwezinto eziqinile nokuqina kwezinto eziguquguqukayo. Ngokulungisa isilinganiso soketshezi nempushana, kungafinyelelwa ukuhlanganiswa okunamazinga ahlukahlukene okuguquguquka.
Izici Eziyinhloko: Ukuhlanganisa ukuqina nokuguquguquka, amandla aphezulu kakhulu okubopha, ukusetshenziswa okulula, kanye nobungani nemvelo.
Izicelo Eziyinhloko:
Ukuvikela amanzi endlini okuphelele, okufanelekela ukusetshenziswa okuningi kokuhlobisa ikhaya, okuhlanganisa amakhishi, izindlu zangasese, amabhalkhoni, nezindonga zangaphansi kanye naphansi; ukuvikela amanzi ophahleni nangaphansi okungavezwanga; kanye nokuvikela amanzi emachibini okubhukuda namachibi okubhukuda.
3. Ukugqoka Okungangenisi Manzi kwePolyurethane
Isimiso Sokusebenza: Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwengxenye eyodwa noma ezimbili kwenziwa ngokusabela kwe-polymerization kwama-isocyanates nama-polyether, kulandelwe ukwengeza ama-fillers kanye nezithasiselo. Ukuhlanganiswa okubangelwayo kuqinile, kuyanwebeka, futhi kusebenza kahle kakhulu. Izici Eziyinhloko: Ukwelulwa okukhulu, ukululama okuphezulu kokunwebeka, ukumelana namanzi okuhle kakhulu, ukumelana nokuhuzuka, kanye nokumelana nokugqwala. Ukuhlanganiswa kwengxenye eyodwa kuyaphulukisa ngomswakama womoya, kuyilapho ukuhlanganiswa kwezingxenye ezimbili kudinga isilinganiso esithile sokuxuba ukuze kuqiniswe.
Izicelo Eziyinhloko:
Izindawo ezinezidingo eziphezulu zokuguquguquka: Amalunga ayinkimbinkimbi njengezakhi zokwandisa amalunga, izimpande zamapayipi, kanye namakhona angaphakathi nangaphandle; Izindawo ezinokucwiliswa emanzini isikhathi eside: Izitezi ezingaphansi komhlaba, amachibi okubhukuda, amadamu okugcina amanzi, amabhuloho, njll.; Ukuvikela uphahla ngokusebenza kahle kakhulu.
4. Ukugqoka Okungangenisi Manzi kwe-Polyurea
Isimiso Sokusebenza: Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kungabhekwa njengenguqulo ethuthukisiwe ye-polyurethane, eyakhiwe ukusabela kwengxenye ye-isocyanate kanye nengxenye ye-amino compound. Izinga layo lokusabela elisheshayo kakhulu livumela ukuphiliswa okusheshayo ngaphandle kwe-catalyst.
Izici Eziyinhloko: Izakhiwo zomzimba eziphezulu kakhulu (amandla, ukuqina, kanye nokumelana nokuhuzuka), ukumelana nesimo sezulu okuhle kakhulu (ukumelana ne-UV, ukumelana nokubanda nokushisa), okuqukethwe kwezinto eziqinile okungu-100% (ukungabi namandla okuguquguquka, ukungabi namandla okushintshashintsha), ikhono lokumboza elingenamthungo, elijiyile, kanye nokomisa ngokushesha.
Izicelo Eziyinhloko:
Izindawo ezisezingeni eliphezulu kanye namaphrojekthi asezingeni eliphezulu: Isitimela esinejubane eliphezulu, imigudu yesitimela esingaphansi komhlaba, izikhungo zokulondolozwa kwamanzi, kanye nophansi olumelana nokugqwala ngamakhemikhali.
Uphahla olusebenza kahle kanye nezitendi zenkundla: Zingamelana nokuchayeka ngqo ngaphandle futhi ziphile isikhathi eside. Amapaki amanzi, amachibi amagagasi, nezinye izindawo zokuzilibazisa: Azigugi, azisheleli, futhi zinemibala.
Isifinyezo Sezinhlelo Ezingangeni Manzi Eziguquguqukayo: Inani eliyinhloko lezingubo eziguquguqukayo lisekukwazini kwazo ukubhekana ngempumelelo nokucindezeleka okubangelwa ukuhlala kwesakhiwo kanye nokwanda kokushisa kanye nokufinyela. Ukukhetha kufanele kusekelwe ekuhlolweni okuphelele kokuguquka okulindelekile kwesendlalelo sesisekelo, izimo zokuchayeka emvelweni, kanye nezidingo zemvelo.
Isahluko 3: Izembozo Ezikhethekile Zokuvimbela Ukungenwa Yimanzi
1. Isembozo Sokuvimbela Ukungena Kwamanzi Se-Asphalt Yerabha
Izici kanye Nezicelo: Lesi simbozo sisebenzisa imishini ekhethekile yokufafaza ukwakha ungqimba olungangeni manzi oluqinile, oluqinile, nolude kakhulu. Ayinamthungo futhi isebenza kahle kakhulu, ifaneleka kakhulu ezakhiweni ezingajwayelekile, ezakhiweni ezinkulu, kanye namaphrojekthi okulungisa okuphuthumayo.
2. Isimbozo Sokuvimbela Ukungena Kwamanzi Esiqhutshwa Yi-Epoxy
Izici kanye Nezicelo: Ihlanganisa amandla aphezulu, ubulukhuni, ukunamathela okuhle kakhulu, kanye nokumelana namakhemikhali kwe-epoxy resin kanye nezinzuzo zemvelo zezingubo ezisetshenziswa emanzini. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ekuvimbeleni amanzi nokuvikela phansi kwezimboni, izimboni zokudla, kanye nezitshalo zemithi lapho kudingeka khona amandla aphezulu nokumelana nokugqwala.
3. Izimbozo Zokuvikela Uphahla Lwensimbi
Izici kanye Nezicelo: Ngokuvamile izinhlelo ze-acrylic noma ze-fluorocarbon, lezi zingubo zinikeza ukunamathela okuqinile, ukumelana nesimo sezulu okuhle kakhulu, ukunwebeka, kanye nokumelana nokugqwala. Zenzelwe ngqo ukubhekana nokuvuza kwamalunga kanye nezimbobo zezikulufo ophahleni lwensimbi olwenziwe ngensimbi ependwe ngaphambilini.
Njengoba sibhekene nezwe elihlukahlukene lokugqoka okungangenisi manzi, kufanele kulandelwe izimiso ezilandelayo lapho ukhetha:
Indawo: Nquma ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kungaphakathi noma ngaphandle, ukuthi kubheke noma kubheke emanzini, nokuthi ngabe kucwiliswa emanzini isikhathi eside noma kumswakama ngezikhathi ezithile.
I-Substrate: Thola ukuthi i-substrate iyikhonkrithi ezinzile, ishidi lensimbi elinyakazisa kalula, noma udonga olulula olungaqhekeka.
Ukuguquka: Hlola ukuthi isakhiwo sisengozini yokuzinza, ukunwebeka, noma ukudlidliza. Ukuze uthole ingozi enkulu, khetha isembozo esiguquguqukayo (njenge-polyurethane noma i-JS); ukuze uthole ingozi encane, khetha isembozo esiqinile noma esiqinile nesiguquguqukayo.
Ukuvikelwa Kwemvelo: Kumachibi amanzi angaphakathi nawasekuphuzeni, khetha isembozo samanzi esinobungani nemvelo futhi esingenabo ubuthi (njenge-acrylic, i-JS, noma i-epoxy esekelwe emanzini).
Ukusebenza: Kumalunga ayinkimbinkimbi, khetha ingubo elula ukuyisebenzisa futhi enamathelayo ngokuqinile (njenge-JS noma i-polyurethane). Kuma-surface amakhulu, ayisicaba, cabanga ngengubo yokufutha esebenza kahle kakhulu.
Ngamafuphi, ukuvimbela amanzi kuwumsebenzi ohlelekile. Izinto ezinhle kakhulu ziyisisekelo kuphela. Ukwelashwa kwezingqimba zesisekelo ezijwayelekile, ukwelashwa okucophelelayo kwamalunga, ukujiya okufanele kokugqoka, kanye nokugcinwa okufanele konke kunegalelo ekuvikeleni okungenaphutha, okungangeni manzi. Ukuqonda izici namandla okugqoka ngakunye kokuvimbela amanzi kuyisiqalo sokufeza lo mgomo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-15-2025